- Description
-
- Creator(s)
- Thomas Girtin (1775-1802) and Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) after (?) John Robert Cozens (1752-1797)
- Title
-
- Lake Avernus
- Date
- 1794 - 1797
- Medium and Support
- Graphite and watercolour on paper
- Dimensions
- 24 × 37.5 cm, 9 ½ × 14 ¾ in
- Object Type
- Collaborations; Monro School Copy
- Subject Terms
- Italian View: Naples and Environs; Lake Scenery
-
- Collection
- Catalogue Number
- TG0665
- Description Source(s)
- Auction Catalogue
Provenance
Joseph Hogarth (1801–79); his sale, Southgate, 20 June 1854, lot 4162 as 'Lake of Nemi'; bought by 'Morley', £3 12s; Elhanan Bicknell (1788-1861); his posthumous sale, Christie's, 29 April 1863, lot 40 as 'The Lake of Nemi' by Joseph Mallord William Turner; bought by Sidney Bicknell, 30 gns; then by descent to a Lady; her sale, Sotheby's, 9 March 1989, lot 52 as 'Lake Avernus' by Joseph Mallord William Turner, unsold; Sotheby's, 11 July 1990, lot 35 as by Joseph Mallord William Turner, £3,850
Bibliography
Place depicted
Other entries in Monro School Copies:
Drawings Made with Joseph Mallord William Turner from the Sketches of John Robert Cozens’ First Trip to the Continent, 1776–79
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Lake of Geneva, from Divonne
The Lake of Geneva, from Divonne
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A View of Geneva, from Cologny
A View of Geneva, from Cologny
British Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A View of Geneva, from Cologny
A View of Geneva, from Cologny
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Mont Blanc, from the Banks of the Arve, near Sallanches in Savoy
Mont Blanc, from the Banks of the Arve, near Sallanches in Savoy
British Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Footbridge between Rocks, near Chamonix
A Footbridge between Rocks, near Chamonix
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Between Chamonix and Martigny, the Aiguille Verte
Between Chamonix and Martigny, the Aiguille Verte
Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
La Bâtiaz Castle, near Martigny (Caesar’s Tower)
La Bâtiaz Castle, near Martigny (Caesar’s Tower)
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Rhône, Looking North from the Junction with the Salanfe River, near the Pissevache Fall
The Rhône, Looking North from the Junction with the Salanfe River, near the Pissevache Fall
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Valley of the Rhône, with a View of Sion from the East
The Valley of the Rhône, with a View of Sion from the East
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Lake of Thun, near the Village of Spiez
The Lake of Thun, near the Village of Spiez
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Interlaken, on the Road between the Lake of Thun and Unterseen
Interlaken, on the Road between the Lake of Thun and Unterseen
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The View from the Bridge at Unterseen
The View from the Bridge at Unterseen
Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Unterseen, from the Lake of Thun
Unterseen, from the Lake of Thun
Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A River View near Grindelwald, Looking towards the Wetterhorn
A River View near Grindelwald, Looking towards the Wetterhorn
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Along the River Schwarze Lütschine, between Lauterbrunnen and Grindelwald
Along the River Schwarze Lütschine, between Lauterbrunnen and Grindelwald
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Second View on the Reichenbach Falls, near Meiringen, in the Valley of Oberhasli
Second View on the Reichenbach Falls, near Meiringen, in the Valley of Oberhasli
Private Collection, Norfolk
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Reichenbach Falls, the Fourth View
The Reichenbach Falls, the Fourth View
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Reichenbach Falls, the Fifth View
The Reichenbach Falls, the Fifth View
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Reichenbach Falls, the Sixth View, in a Rocky Gorge
The Reichenbach Falls, the Sixth View, in a Rocky Gorge
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Reichenbach Falls, the Seventh Stage
The Reichenbach Falls, the Seventh Stage
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Reichenbach Falls, the Eighth View
The Reichenbach Falls, the Eighth View
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Reichenbach Falls, the Ninth View and Final Stage
The Reichenbach Falls, the Ninth View and Final Stage
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Lesser Valley of Oberhasli, the Upper Part from the North
The Lesser Valley of Oberhasli, the Upper Part from the North
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Benedictine Convent of Engelberg
The Benedictine Convent of Engelberg
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Lucerne, the View from near Brunnen
Lake Lucerne, the View from near Brunnen
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Lucerne, the View from near Altdorf
Lake Lucerne, the View from near Altdorf
Gallery Oldham
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tell’s Chapel, Lake Lucerne, with the Fronalpstock Beyond
Tell’s Chapel, Lake Lucerne, with the Fronalpstock Beyond
British Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tell’s Chapel, Lake Lucerne, with the Frohnalpstock Beyond
Tell’s Chapel, Lake Lucerne, with the Frohnalpstock Beyond
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Lucerne, from Weggis, with the Bürgenstock Beyond
Lake Lucerne, from Weggis, with the Bürgenstock Beyond
Eton College, Windsor
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Narrow Gorge on the River Linth, near the Pantenbrücke
A Narrow Gorge on the River Linth, near the Pantenbrücke
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Klöntal
Lake Klöntal
Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Klöntal, the View Looking West
Lake Klöntal, the View Looking West
Leeds Art Gallery
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Junction of the Two Rhines at Reichenau
The Junction of the Two Rhines at Reichenau
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Waterfall in a Rocky Defile, near Chur
A Waterfall in a Rocky Defile, near Chur
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Waterside Buildings beneath a Sheer Cliff, near Chur
Waterside Buildings beneath a Sheer Cliff, near Chur
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Sargans Castle
Sargans Castle
Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Bondo, with the House of the Count de Salis and Castelmur Castle in the Distance
Bondo, with the House of the Count de Salis and Castelmur Castle in the Distance
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Ruined Tower in a Valley, near Chur
A Ruined Tower in a Valley, near Chur
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Lake of Mezzola, near Chiavenna, Lake Como in the Distance
The Lake of Mezzola, near Chiavenna, Lake Como in the Distance
National Museum of Wales, Cardiff
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Walen, Looking East
Lake Walen, Looking East
British Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Castelmur Castle, in the Village of Bondo
Castelmur Castle, in the Village of Bondo
Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Ravine In the Viamala, between Chur and Chiavenna
A Ravine In the Viamala, between Chur and Chiavenna
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Ravine with a Bridge, Located on the Banks of Lake Como
A Ravine with a Bridge, Located on the Banks of Lake Como
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Bridge over a Waterfall, near Chiavenna
A Bridge over a Waterfall, near Chiavenna
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Chiavenna, with the Bell Tower of the College of San Lorenzo
Chiavenna, with the Bell Tower of the College of San Lorenzo
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Town of Como, from the Lake
The Town of Como, from the Lake
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Como, from the Villa Giulia, near Bellagio
Lake Como, from the Villa Giulia, near Bellagio
Gallery Oldham
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Como
Lake Como
British Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Como: Looking South, Possibly from the Foot of the Cliffs at Ca' Bianca
Lake Como: Looking South, Possibly from the Foot of the Cliffs at Ca' Bianca
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Como, Looking North to the Village of Bellagio
Lake Como, Looking North to the Village of Bellagio
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Como, Looking South, Possibly from the Foot of the Cliffs at Ca' Bianca
Lake Como, Looking South, Possibly from the Foot of the Cliffs at Ca' Bianca
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Lakeside Town, Possibly on Lake Como
An Unidentified Lakeside Town, Possibly on Lake Como
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Bank of a Lake or River, with Hills Beyond
The Bank of a Lake or River, with Hills Beyond
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Waterside Town
An Unidentified Waterside Town
Cooper Gallery, Barnsley
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Village of Bramans in the Haute Maurienne in Savoy
The Village of Bramans in the Haute Maurienne in Savoy
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Lake Scene
An Unidentified Lake Scene
The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens, San Marino
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Covered Bridge with a Mountain Beyond, Possibly in Switzerland
A Covered Bridge with a Mountain Beyond, Possibly in Switzerland
The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens, San Marino
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Wooden Bridge over a River, Said to Be in the Pass of St Gotthard
A Wooden Bridge over a River, Said to Be in the Pass of St Gotthard
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A River amongst Rocks, with a Castle on a Hill
A River amongst Rocks, with a Castle on a Hill
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Alpine Valley, near Chiavenna
An Alpine Valley, near Chiavenna
Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: A Road under a Ruined Archway on the Palatine Hill
Rome: A Road under a Ruined Archway on the Palatine Hill
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: Unidentified Ruins on the Palatine Hill
Rome: Unidentified Ruins on the Palatine Hill
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Ruins of Tiberius' Villa on the Palatine Hill, with the Wall of the Farnese Gardens
Rome: The Ruins of Tiberius' Villa on the Palatine Hill, with the Wall of the Farnese Gardens
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Ruins of Tiberius' Villa on the Palatine Hill, from the Forum
Rome: The Ruins of Tiberius' Villa on the Palatine Hill, from the Forum
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: A Monumental Ruin on the Palatine Hill
Rome: A Monumental Ruin on the Palatine Hill
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: Ruins on the Palatine Hill
Rome: Ruins on the Palatine Hill
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The View from the Palatine Hill, with the Palace of Augustus in the Foreground
Rome: The View from the Palatine Hill, with the Palace of Augustus in the Foreground
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Ancient Ruin, Probably near Rome
An Ancient Ruin, Probably near Rome
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: Part of the Ruins of Nero's Golden House, the Domus Aurea
Rome: Part of the Ruins of Nero's Golden House, the Domus Aurea
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Monumental Ruins of Nero's Golden House, the Domus Aurea
Rome: The Monumental Ruins of Nero's Golden House, the Domus Aurea
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Ruins of Nero's Golden House, the Domus Aurea
Rome: The Ruins of Nero's Golden House, the Domus Aurea
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: Part of the Extension to the Claudian Aqueduct, Known as the Arcus Neroniani
Rome: Part of the Extension to the Claudian Aqueduct, Known as the Arcus Neroniani
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Mausoleum of Caecilia Metella, Rome
The Mausoleum of Caecilia Metella, Rome
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Mausoleum, Probably near Rome
An Unidentified Mausoleum, Probably near Rome
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Pyramid of Gaius Cestius, Rome
The Pyramid of Gaius Cestius, Rome
Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Castle of St Angelo
Rome: The Castle of St Angelo
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Temple of Vesta
Rome: The Temple of Vesta
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, Unknown Artist
A Detail of the Portico of an Ancient Temple
A Detail of the Portico of an Ancient Temple
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, Unknown Artist
An Imaginary Composition with Antique Ruins and Figures
An Imaginary Composition with Antique Ruins and Figures
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Ruined Nymphaeum of Alexander Severus, Known as the Temple of Minerva Medica
Rome: The Ruined Nymphaeum of Alexander Severus, Known as the Temple of Minerva Medica
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Colosseum, from the Caelian Hill
Rome: The Colosseum, from the Caelian Hill
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Colosseum, with a Rider on a Track
Rome: The Colosseum, with a Rider on a Track
The Morgan Library & Museum, New York
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: Part of the Extension to the Claudian Aqueduct, Known as the Arcus Neroniani
Rome: Part of the Extension to the Claudian Aqueduct, Known as the Arcus Neroniani
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Architectural Composition, Based on the Milvian Bridge over the River Tiber
An Architectural Composition, Based on the Milvian Bridge over the River Tiber
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: Part of the Milvian Bridge over the River Tiber (The Ponte Molle)
Rome: Part of the Milvian Bridge over the River Tiber (The Ponte Molle)
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Fortified Northern End of the Milvian Bridge (The Ponte Molle)
Rome: The Fortified Northern End of the Milvian Bridge (The Ponte Molle)
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Ripa Grande, Site of the Ancient Port of Rome, in an Imaginary Setting
The Ripa Grande, Site of the Ancient Port of Rome, in an Imaginary Setting
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Chapel of San Giuliano, Overlooking the River Tiber, near the Milvian Bridge
The Chapel of San Giuliano, Overlooking the River Tiber, near the Milvian Bridge
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The River Tiber, with the Aventine Hill to the Left
Rome: The River Tiber, with the Aventine Hill to the Left
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Villa, Possibly in Rome
An Unidentified Villa, Possibly in Rome
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: A Wall with Trees Overhanging a Road, near the Porta Pinciana
Rome: A Wall with Trees Overhanging a Road, near the Porta Pinciana
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Building and Column Set amongst Trees, Probably the Villa Negroni in Rome
An Unidentified Building and Column Set amongst Trees, Probably the Villa Negroni in Rome
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: A View in the Farnese Gardens
Rome: A View in the Farnese Gardens
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The Ludovisi Gardens
Rome: The Ludovisi Gardens
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The View from the Corsini Gardens
Rome: The View from the Corsini Gardens
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: A Distant View of the Basilica of St John Lateran
Rome: A Distant View of the Basilica of St John Lateran
The Whitworth, The University of Manchester
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: St Peter’s, from a Nearby Terrace
Rome: St Peter’s, from a Nearby Terrace
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: St Peter's Square from the Colonnade
Rome: St Peter's Square from the Colonnade
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Vatican: The Belvedere Viewed from the East beyond a High Wall
The Vatican: The Belvedere Viewed from the East beyond a High Wall
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Vatican: The Wall of the Giardino della Pigna and the Belvedere
The Vatican: The Wall of the Giardino della Pigna and the Belvedere
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: St Peter's from Monte Mario
Rome: St Peter's from Monte Mario
Harewood House, Yorkshire
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
St Peter's and the Vatican, from above the Arco Oscuro
St Peter's and the Vatican, from above the Arco Oscuro
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rome: The River Tiber from Monte Mario, Looking towards the Sabine Hills
Rome: The River Tiber from Monte Mario, Looking towards the Sabine Hills
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Roman Campagna, from the Villa Madama
The Roman Campagna, from the Villa Madama
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Unidentified Fortifications on a Rocky Outcrop, Possibly on the Island of Capri
Unidentified Fortifications on a Rocky Outcrop, Possibly on the Island of Capri
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli, with the Falls of the River Aniene: The Grand Cascade
Tivoli, with the Falls of the River Aniene: The Grand Cascade
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The 'Villa of Maecenas' and Part of the Town
Tivoli: The 'Villa of Maecenas' and Part of the Town
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The Grand Cascade Seen from a Terrace
Tivoli: The Grand Cascade Seen from a Terrace
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The 'Temple of the Sibyl' Seen across the Gorge of the Aniene
Tivoli: The 'Temple of the Sibyl' Seen across the Gorge of the Aniene
Laing Art Gallery, Newcastle upon Tyne
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The ‘Temple of the Sibyl’ and the Cascades Seen from Below
Tivoli: The ‘Temple of the Sibyl’ and the Cascades Seen from Below
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The Rocca Pia, from the North West
Tivoli: The Rocca Pia, from the North West
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The Rocca Pia, from the South West
Tivoli: The Rocca Pia, from the South West
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Archway through a Building, with a Round Tower
An Archway through a Building, with a Round Tower
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: A Bridge and Gateway
Tivoli: A Bridge and Gateway
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: A View through an Arch to the Cascade
Tivoli: A View through an Arch to the Cascade
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: Ancient Ruins, Known as the Temple of Bacchus, with the Tower of Santa Maria Maggiore
Tivoli: Ancient Ruins, Known as the Temple of Bacchus, with the Tower of Santa Maria Maggiore
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: 'The Temple of the Sibyl'
Tivoli: 'The Temple of the Sibyl'
Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: 'The Temple of the Sibyl', the Broken Side
Tivoli: 'The Temple of the Sibyl', the Broken Side
Leeds Art Gallery
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: 'The Temple of the Sibyl', Seen from Below
Tivoli: 'The Temple of the Sibyl', Seen from Below
Harvard Art Museums / Fogg Museum
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: 'The Temple of the Sibyl', Seen from Below
Tivoli: 'The Temple of the Sibyl', Seen from Below
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: 'The Temple of the Sibyl'
Tivoli: 'The Temple of the Sibyl'
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The River Aniene, with 'The Temple of the Sibyl' Seen Above
Tivoli: The River Aniene, with 'The Temple of the Sibyl' Seen Above
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The 'Villa of Maecenas’, Seen from an Elevated Viewpoint
Tivoli: The 'Villa of Maecenas’, Seen from an Elevated Viewpoint
The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens, San Marino
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The 'Villa of Maecenas' with Part of the Cascades
Tivoli: The 'Villa of Maecenas' with Part of the Cascades
National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The 'Villa of Maecenas' and Part of the Cascades, Seen from Below
Tivoli: The 'Villa of Maecenas' and Part of the Cascades, Seen from Below
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The View from the Gardens of the Villa d'Este, Looking towards Montecelio
Tivoli: The View from the Gardens of the Villa d'Este, Looking towards Montecelio
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The Villa d'Este, Looking South West
Tivoli: The Villa d'Este, Looking South West
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: The Gran Loggia of the Villa d'Este
Tivoli: The Gran Loggia of the Villa d'Este
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Tivoli: A Mausoleum, Known as the Temple of Tosse
Tivoli: A Mausoleum, Known as the Temple of Tosse
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Tomb of Plautus, near Tivoli
The Tomb of Plautus, near Tivoli
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Wooded Valley near Bex in Switzerland
A Wooded Valley near Bex in Switzerland
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Rocca di Papa, from Monte Cavo
Rocca di Papa, from Monte Cavo
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Passionist Monastery on Monte Cavo
The Passionist Monastery on Monte Cavo
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Distant View of the Passionist Monastery on Monte Cavo
A Distant View of the Passionist Monastery on Monte Cavo
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Ruined Ancient Building, Probably a Mausoleum on the Appian Way
A Ruined Ancient Building, Probably a Mausoleum on the Appian Way
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Ruined Mausoleum of the Emperor Gallienus on the Appian Way
The Ruined Mausoleum of the Emperor Gallienus on the Appian Way
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Ruins of the Mausoleum of the Emperor Gallienus on the Appian Way
The Ruins of the Mausoleum of the Emperor Gallienus on the Appian Way
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Unidentified Ruins, Possibly the Aqua Anio Novus Aqueduct, near Tivoli, Known as Pompey’s Tomb
Unidentified Ruins, Possibly the Aqua Anio Novus Aqueduct, near Tivoli, Known as Pompey’s Tomb
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Albano: A Ruined Building by a Stream
Albano: A Ruined Building by a Stream
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Albano: Part of the Ruins of the Ancient Baths of Caracalla, Known as Cellomaio
Albano: Part of the Ruins of the Ancient Baths of Caracalla, Known as Cellomaio
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Hermitage at Albano on the Appian Way
A Hermitage at Albano on the Appian Way
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Albano: The Ruins of the Ancient Baths of Caracalla, Known as Cellomaio
Albano: The Ruins of the Ancient Baths of Caracalla, Known as Cellomaio
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Albano, Viewed from the Bergantino
Lake Albano, Viewed from the Bergantino
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Albano: A Mausoleum, Known as the Tomb of the Horatii and Curatii
Albano: A Mausoleum, Known as the Tomb of the Horatii and Curatii
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Albano: The Ruins of a Mausoleum, Known as the Tomb of the Horatii and Curatii
Albano: The Ruins of a Mausoleum, Known as the Tomb of the Horatii and Curatii
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Albano with Castel Gandolfo
Lake Albano with Castel Gandolfo
Harvard Art Museums / Fogg Museum
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Albano, from Palazzolo
Lake Albano, from Palazzolo
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Ariccia: The Church of Santa Maria Assunta
Ariccia: The Church of Santa Maria Assunta
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Ariccia: Looking Up to the Church of Santa Maria Assunta
Ariccia: Looking Up to the Church of Santa Maria Assunta
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Distant View of Ronciglione, near Lake Vico
A Distant View of Ronciglione, near Lake Vico
Private Collection
Unknown Artist
An Unidentified View, Formerly Known as 'L'Arriccia'
An Unidentified View, Formerly Known as 'L'Arriccia'
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
Thomas Girtin, John Robert Cozens
Ariccia: The Church of Santa Maria Assunta and the Chigi Palace
Ariccia: The Church of Santa Maria Assunta and the Chigi Palace
Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Convent at Nemi
An Unidentified Convent at Nemi
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Nemi: Unidentified Buildings Overlooking a Stream
Nemi: Unidentified Buildings Overlooking a Stream
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Building, Known as 'The Capuchin Convent near Nemi'
An Unidentified Building, Known as 'The Capuchin Convent near Nemi'
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Genzano: The Palazzo Sforza Cesarini
Genzano: The Palazzo Sforza Cesarini
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Nemi, with Genzano and the Palazzo Sforza Cesarini
Lake Nemi, with Genzano and the Palazzo Sforza Cesarini
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Town of Nemi Overlooking the Lake
The Town of Nemi Overlooking the Lake
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Town of Nemi, from the Banks of the Lake
The Town of Nemi, from the Banks of the Lake
Leeds Art Gallery
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Nemi and the Town of Genzano
Lake Nemi and the Town of Genzano
Walker Art Gallery, National Museums Liverpool
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Lake and Town of Nemi
The Lake and Town of Nemi
Hereford Museum and Art Gallery
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Nemi, with Genzano in the Distance
Lake Nemi, with Genzano in the Distance
Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Castle by a River, Known as 'Orte'
An Unidentified Castle by a River, Known as 'Orte'
Brighton Museum and Art Gallery
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Vico
Lake Vico
British Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Vico, from the Hill of Viterbo
Lake Vico, from the Hill of Viterbo
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Bolsena
Lake Bolsena
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A River View with a Hill Town Beyond, Possibly Showing Tivoli
A River View with a Hill Town Beyond, Possibly Showing Tivoli
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Distant View of Radicofani in Tuscany
A Distant View of Radicofani in Tuscany
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Trasimeno
Lake Trasimeno
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Trasimeno
Lake Trasimeno
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Waterfall, Possibly in Switzerland, Known as 'The Velino Falls'
An Unidentified Waterfall, Possibly in Switzerland, Known as 'The Velino Falls'
National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Ascent to the Marmore Falls (The Cascade of Terni)
The Ascent to the Marmore Falls (The Cascade of Terni)
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Bridge of Augustus, near Narni
The Bridge of Augustus, near Narni
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Distant View of Civita Castellana
A Distant View of Civita Castellana
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified View, Possibly at Civita Castellana
An Unidentified View, Possibly at Civita Castellana
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
On the River Tiber, at Acqua Acetosa
On the River Tiber, at Acqua Acetosa
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A View on the River Tiber, North of Rome
A View on the River Tiber, North of Rome
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Terracina, on the Coast between Rome and Naples, with the Temple of Jupiter Anxur
Terracina, on the Coast between Rome and Naples, with the Temple of Jupiter Anxur
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Gaeta, Seen across the Gulf from Formia
Gaeta, Seen across the Gulf from Formia
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Buildings on the Coast at Posillipo, near Naples
Buildings on the Coast at Posillipo, near Naples
British Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Naples: Santa Maria del Parto, Mergellina
Naples: Santa Maria del Parto, Mergellina
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Naples: Looking across the Bay towards Vesuvius from Mergellina
Naples: Looking across the Bay towards Vesuvius from Mergellina
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Baia Castle
Baia Castle
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Temple of Venus at Baia
The Temple of Venus at Baia
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Temple of Venus at Baia
The Temple of Venus at Baia
Blanton Museum of Art, The University of Texas at Austin
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Bay of Baia, with Naples and Vesuvius in the Distance
The Bay of Baia, with Naples and Vesuvius in the Distance
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Fortress, Probably Baia Castle
An Unidentified Fortress, Probably Baia Castle
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Naples: Castel Sant'Elmo and the Convent of San Martino
Naples: Castel Sant'Elmo and the Convent of San Martino
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Naples: View over the City from the Royal Palace at Capodimonte
Naples: View over the City from the Royal Palace at Capodimonte
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Vesuvius, from Torre Greco
Vesuvius, from Torre Greco
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Unidentified Fort on a Cliff by the Sea
An Unidentified Fort on a Cliff by the Sea
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Capri: A View over the Eastern Promontory to the Bay of Salerno, with Steps Leading to the Castello Barbarossa
Capri: A View over the Eastern Promontory to the Bay of Salerno, with Steps Leading to the Castello Barbarossa
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Group of Buildings on a Low Cliff, near Naples
A Group of Buildings on a Low Cliff, near Naples
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Lake Avernus
Lake Avernus
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Solfatara, near Naples
Solfatara, near Naples
British Museum, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Norman Tower at Maiori on the Coast near Salerno
The Norman Tower at Maiori on the Coast near Salerno
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
An Entrance to the Roman Amphitheatre at Capua
An Entrance to the Roman Amphitheatre at Capua
Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Vallombrosa Abbey
Vallombrosa Abbey
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Mill and a Two-Arched Bridge on the Road between Florence and Rome
A Mill and a Two-Arched Bridge on the Road between Florence and Rome
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
A Five-Arched Bridge, on the Road between Florence and Rome
A Five-Arched Bridge, on the Road between Florence and Rome
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
Florence: The Arno, with the Ponte alla Carraia
Florence: The Arno, with the Ponte alla Carraia
Private Collection
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Arno, Seen from the Pisa to Florence Road
The Arno, Seen from the Pisa to Florence Road
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, John Robert Cozens
The Lighthouse at Livorno (Leghorn)
The Lighthouse at Livorno (Leghorn)
The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens, San Marino
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, Alexander Cozens
On the Coast South of Genoa, near Lerici
On the Coast South of Genoa, near Lerici
Tate, London
Thomas Girtin, Joseph Mallord William Turner, Alexander Cozens
A Coastal View of Sestri Levante, near Genoa
A Coastal View of Sestri Levante, near Genoa
Private Collection
Footnotes
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About this Work
This view of Lake Avernus, west of Naples, displays many of the signs that mark the unique collaboration between Girtin and his contemporary Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851) at the home of Dr Thomas Monro (1759–1833). Here they were employed across three winters, probably between 1794 and 1797, to make ‘finished drawings’ from the ‘Copies’ of the ‘outlines or unfinished drawings of Cozens’ and other artists, amateur and professional, either from Monro’s collection or lent for the purpose. As the two young artists later recalled, Girtin generally ‘drew in outlines and Turner washed in the effects’. ‘They went at 6 and staid till Ten’, which may account for the generally monochrome appearance of the works, and, as the diarist Joseph Farington (1747–1821) reported, Turner received ‘3s. 6d each night’, though ‘Girtin did not say what He had’ (Farington, Diary, 12 November 1798).1
As with many of the Monro School drawings of Italian scenes, it has not been possible to trace the source for this view of the lake of Avernus, with its myriad potent classical associations, not least as the site of the entrance to the Underworld, or Hades. Surprisingly, given the popularity of the subject, John Robert Cozens (1752–97) is not known to have sketched the lake, but he certainly visited nearby Pozzuoli, and he remains the likeliest candidate as the author of the lost work on which this view was based. The source presumably took the form of a sketch made on one of his visits to Naples, either in 1777 or in 1782–83, and it would have been surprising had the auction of Cozens’ work held in July 1794 not contained an Avernus subject amongst the twenty-seven ‘books of sketches’ and many hundreds of unitemised drawings made on his travels.2 As Kim Sloan has argued, Monro’s posthumous sale included only a few sketches by Cozens, and the patron must have borrowed the bulk of the material from which Girtin and Turner worked from buyers at the 1794 sale, though in this case, as in many others, the drawing has either been lost or remains unrecognised (Sloan and Joyner, 1993, pp.81–82).
If Cozens was not the source for this view, there are plenty of other candidates amongst the numerous British artists who sketched at Avernus during their stay on the Neapolitan coast, one of the earliest and certainly the most significant being Richard Wilson (1713/14–82). His views of the site invariably include the same motifs shown here, even if he did not study from exactly the same lakeside viewpoint (see figure 1). To the left is the partly ruined Temple of Apollo, with Monte Nuovo behind, whilst in the distance, looking south to Cuma (ancient Cumae), is Cape Miseno with the Baia Castle. In comparison with Wilson’s poetic conception, the Monro School view makes light of the more allusive classical associations of the site; the grotto of the Cumaean Sibyl, Aeneas’ guide to Hades, is thus not visible.
The majority of the Italian scenes sold at Monro’s posthumous sale were attributed to Turner alone, and this generally remained the case until the publication of Andrew Wilton’s pioneering article in 1984, since when the joint attribution of the Monro School works to Turner and Girtin has increasingly become the norm (Wilton, 1984a, pp.8–23). In this case, however, the attribution to Turner acting singly remained unchallenged when the work was sold at auction in 1990. Working solely from a small black and white photograph, it is not possible to say whether Girtin was also involved in its production, other than to point out that there is also no evidence to suggest that the drawing was not the result of the division of labour that the two artists themselves described to Farington in 1798.